DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS TO REDUCE THE SCATTER OF ROCK FRAGMENTS DURING BLASTING OPERATIONS IN QUARRIES

Abstract

The article examines the results of industrial blasts conducted using both standard and developed methods to reduce rock fragment scatter during blasting operations in open-pit mines. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are discussed. Special attention is given to implementing control measures to protect safeguarded objects from flying rock fragments and to minimize associated risks. Calculations are presented for safe distances concerning the impact of shock-air waves from surface explosions on buildings and structures, as well as the hazardous distances for people due to scattered rock fragments. The derived safe distances are significantly shorter compared to traditional standards, aimed at reducing the environmental impact of blasting operations. The proposed method prevents dangerous rock fragment scattering caused by blast gases escaping through the borehole mouth and increases the duration of the blast impulse, achieving the desired degree of rock mass fragmentation.